Jerome Canon Lists Author’s Note: Because Jerome’s writings profoundly influenced later discussions of the Old Testament, it is essential to distinguish his various canon lists from the views of others. 391 AD, 398 AD, 404 AD: Jerome. Jerome’s personal views are pretty clear: he thought the Jewish canon and the…

Epiphanius Canon Lists Author’s Note: Epiphanius discusses the biblical canon in several different works, making his testimony especially valuable—and occasionally misunderstood. 385 AD:[1] Epiphanius. Epiphanius is the Romaniote Jewish Christian mentioned earlier. He gives us multiple Jewish canons and one Christian list. For my purposes, Baruch and Susanna are accepted…

Gregory of Nazianzus and Amphilochius of Iconium Canon Lists Author’s Note: These closely related canon lists offer valuable insight into how two influential fourth-century bishops understood the biblical canon. 380 AD: Gregory of Nazianzus;[1] and 380 AD: Amphilochius of Iconium[2] Gregory and Amphilochius were cousins, and both left poems on…

The Apostolic Canons List Author’s Note: The Apostolic Canons preserve an early canon list that illustrates how evidence concerning Scripture must be corroborated. 380 AD: The Apostolic Canons.[1] The writer of the Apostolic Constitutions—whoever he was or they were—does Athanasius one better: rather than pass on what came from the…